Phytochemical Analysis, in vitro Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Anti-hyperglycemic Activities of Root Extracts of Cissus aralioides (Welw)
Anarado, Chigozie John Onyinye
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Anarado, Charity Ebere
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Obumselu, Onyeka Fabian
*
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Iziga, Chinasa Grace
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Ejimofor, Nelson Ugonna
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Nsofor, Chineze
Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Cissus aralioides is commonly found in tropical Africa with diverse therapeutic use in African folk medicine. Various parts of the plant have been utilized ethnopharmacologically as a remedy for microbial infections, arthritis, gout swelling, rheumatism, and some other diseases.
Objective: This work was to determine the phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycemic activity of root extracts of Cissus aralioides.
Materials and Methods: The root of C. aralioides were cold extracted with methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. The extracts were subjected to proximate, phytochemical analyses, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycemic assays.
Results: The alkaloids and phenolic compounds were present in all the extracts. S. aureus was sensitive to the inhibitions of n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts in a concentration-dependent manner. B. subtilis was susceptible to the activities of n-hexane extract in a dose-dependent manner. The extracts were also mildly active against the growth of C. albicans. Furthermore, the extracts were able to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals as well as reduce the Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in a dose-dependent manner. Methanol extract showed good anti-inflammatory activity, but not in a dose-dependent fashion.
Conclusion: The extracts of the plant have shown some pharmacological activities validating the folkloric use of the plant in treating various diseases.
Keywords: Cissus aralioides, phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic